With the continuous growth of urban population, the amount of domestic waste generated is also increasing year by year. Traditional landfill methods can no longer meet the needs of environmental protection and land resource utilization. Incineration treatment has gradually become one of the mainstream treatment methods due to its advantages such as high volume reduction rate, fast processing speed and energy recovery. As the core equipment of the domestic waste incineration system, the working mode of the garbage incinerator directly affects the treatment effect and emission level.
This article will take you to understand the basic structure and working principle of the domestic waste incinerator.
1. Basic structure of domestic waste incinerator
Domestic waste incinerators usually consist of the following core parts:
- Feeding system: transports garbage from the hopper or conveyor belt to the furnace.
- Incinerator body: mainly responsible for the drying, combustion, and ash residue treatment of garbage.
- Secondary combustion chamber: used to supplement the incompletely burned combustibles to ensure flue gas purification.
- Waste heat boiler (optional): Recover the high-temperature heat energy generated during the incineration process for power generation or heating.
- Tail gas purification system: Includes deacidification, dust removal, denitrification and other steps to ensure that emissions meet standards.
2. Working principle of the incinerator
1. Garbage enters the furnace
The domestic garbage is put into the storage bin by a compression truck or a garbage grab, and enters the incinerator through the feeding device. Due to the complex composition and high moisture content of the garbage, it needs to be dried and preheated first.
2. Drying and ignition
The garbage entering the furnace is first dried on the grate, and the internal moisture is evaporated with the help of high-temperature hot air. It is then ignited in a high-temperature environment, triggering the main combustion process.
3. Main combustion stage
Most domestic waste incinerators adopt a mechanical grate design, which pushes the garbage slowly forward in the furnace through the slow movement of the grate, and completes the three stages of drying, combustion, and burnout at the same time.
The combustion temperature is usually maintained above 850℃, and the temperature of some advanced equipment can reach above 1000℃ to ensure that organic pollutants are completely decomposed.
4. Secondary combustion
The flue gas that is not fully burned in the main combustion chamber will be introduced into the secondary combustion chamber and continue to burn at a higher temperature to ensure that carbon monoxide, smoke and harmful gases in the flue gas are reduced to a minimum.
5. Heat recovery
The large amount of heat energy generated by combustion can be recovered by the waste heat boiler and used to heat steam, which is further used for power generation, heating or industrial steam system to achieve the best resource utilization of waste.
6. Flue gas purification treatment
The tail gas enters a multi-stage purification system, including:
- Deacidification tower (neutralization of acidic gases)
- Activated carbon adsorption (removal of dioxins, heavy metals, etc.)
- Bag filter or electrostatic precipitator (removal of particulate matter)
- SCR denitrification equipment (removal of nitrogen oxides)
The treated flue gas must meet the national "Standards for Pollution Control of Domestic Waste Incineration" before it can be discharged.
III. Residue after treatment and emission control
- Slag: Generally non-combustible inorganic matter, which can be used as road base material or building aggregate.
- Fly ash: It needs to be safely landfilled after stabilization/solidification to prevent leakage of harmful substances.
The continuous advancement of environmental protection technology has made modern incinerators increasingly mature in terms of waste volume reduction, energy recovery and emission control.
The domestic waste incinerator achieves harmless, reduced and resource-based treatment of waste through the combination of "high-temperature combustion + tail gas purification". Driven by the current green environmental protection policy, the incinerator technology is constantly upgraded, with higher automation, stronger processing capacity and cleaner emissions, and has become an ideal choice for solving urban domestic waste.
If you are looking for domestic waste treatment equipment suitable for cities, towns or industrial parks, we provide one-stop services from design and manufacturing to installation and commissioning. Please feel free to consult and learn more.Visit our website at www.cnincinerator.com to learn more about our products. For inquiries, you can reach us at cnincinerator@gmail.com.
